四种爱

来源 : 伊斯兰觉醒网

By Ibn Qayyim al Jawziyyah

Ibn Al-Qayyim (愿真主怜悯他) said regarding this matter:

There are four kinds of love, which we must differentiate between, and those who go astray do so because they do not make this distinction.

The first of them is love of Allaah, but this alone is not sufficient to save a person from the punishment of Allaah and to earn him His reward. The Mushrikeen, worshippers of the cross, Jews and others all love Allaah.

The second is love of that which Allaah loves. This is what brings a person into Islam and out of Kufr. The most beloved of people to Allaah is the one who is most correct and most devoted in this kind of love.

The third kind is love for the sake of Allaah, 这是爱真主所爱的要素之一. 一个人对真主所爱的人的爱是不完整的，除非他也为了真主而去爱.

第四是对与安拉并肩的事物的热爱, 而这份爱与推脱有关. 凡是与安拉一起热爱事物但不是为了安拉的人，都把那东西视为安拉的竞争对手. 这就是穆什里肯人的爱.

还有第五种爱，与我们的话题无关; 这是自然的爱，是一个人对适合他本性的事物的倾向, 例如口渴的人爱水，饥饿的人爱食物, 或是对睡眠的热爱, 或妻子和孩子的. 这并没有什么问题，除非它分散了一个人对真主的记忆并阻止他爱他. 真主说 (意义的解释):

“相信的人啊! 不要让你的财产或你的孩子转移你对真主的纪念”
[穆纳菲昆 63:9]

“既不从事贸易也不从事销售的人 (商业) 偏离对真主的纪念” [努尔 24:37]

(贾瓦布·卡菲, 1/134)

他说 (愿真主怜悯他):

为真主而爱和与真主一起爱之间的区别是最重要的区别之一. 每个人都需要做出这种区分，并且确实有义务这样做. 为了真主而爱是信仰完美的标志, 但与真主一起热爱某事是逃避的本质. 它们之间的区别在于，一个人对真主的爱与他对真主的爱是相关的; if this love becomes strong in his heart, this love dictates that he will love that which Allaah loves. If he loves that which his Lord loves and he loves those who are the friends of Allaah, this is love for the sake of Allaah.

So he loves His Messengers, Prophets, angels and close friends because Allaah loves them, and he hates those who hate them because Allaah hates those people. The sign of the love and hatred for the sake of Allaah is that his hatred for the one whom Allaah hates will not turn into love merely because that person treats him kindly, does him a service or meets some need he has; and his love for those whom Allaah loves will not turn to hatred simply because that person does something that upsets or hurts him, whether it is done by mistake or deliberately, in obedience to Allaah or because the person feels that he has a duty to do it for some reason, or because the person is a wrongdoer who may yet give up his wrongdoing and repent.

The entire religion revolves around four principles: love and hatred, and stemming from them, action and abstinence. The person whose love and hatred, action and abstinence, are all for the sake of Allaah, has perfected his faith so that when he loves, he loves for the sake of Allaah, when he hates, he hates for the sake of Allaah, when he does something, he does it for the sake of Allaah, and when he abstains from something, he abstains for the sake of Allaah. To the extent that he is lacking in these four categories, he is lacking in faith and commitment to religion.

This is in contrast to the love of things alongside Allaah, which is of two types. One is diametrically opposed to the principle of Tawheed and is shirk; the other is opposed to perfection of sincerity and love towards Allaah, but does not put a person beyond the pale of Islam.

The first kind is like the love of the Mushrikeen for their idols and gods. 真主说 (释义):

“And of mankind are some who take (for worship) others besides Allaah as rivals (to Allaah). They love them as they love Allaah” [al-Baqarah 2:165]

These Mushrikeen love their idols and gods alongside Allaah as they love Allaah. This love and devotion is accompanied by fear, hope, worship and supplication. This love is pure Shirk which Allaah does not forgive. Faith cannot be perfected unless a person regards these idols as enemies and hates them intensely, and hates the people who worship them, and regards them as enemies and strives against them. This is the message with which Allaah sent all His Messengers and revealed all His Books. He created Hell for the people of shirk who love these rivals, and He created Paradise for those who strive against them and take them as enemies for His sake and to earn His Pleasure. Anybody who worships anything from the vicinity of the Throne to the lowest depths of the earth and takes a god and a supporter besides Allaah and associates another beings in worship with Him, will be disowned by the object of his worship when he is most in need of it [IE。, on the Day of Judgement].

The second kind is love for the things which Allaah has made attractive to people, such as women, 孩子们, 金子, silver, branded beautiful horses, cattle and well-tilled land. People love them with a kind of desire, like the love of the hungry person for food and the thirsty person for water.

THIS LOVE IS OF THREE KINDS

• If a person loves them for the sake of Allaah and as a means of obeying Allaah, he will be rewarded for that; it will be counted as a part of love for the sake of Allaah and a means of reaching Him, and he will still find enjoyment in them. This is how the best of creation [IE. 先知 (愿主福安之)] 曾是, to whom women and perfume were made dear in this world, and his love for them helped him to love Allaah more and to convey His Message and fulfill His commands.
• If a person loves them because they suit his nature and his own desires, but he does not give them preference over that which Allaah loves and is pleased with, and he gets them because of his natural inclination, then they come under the heading of things which are permissible, and he will not be punished for that, but his love of Allaah and for the sake of Allaah will be lacking somewhat.
• If his sole purpose in life is to get these things, and he gives priority to that over that which Allaah loves and is pleased with, then he is wronging himself and following his own desires.

The first is the love of al-Saabiqoon (those who are foremost in Islam); the second is the love of al-muqtasidoon (those who are average) and the third is the love of al-zaalimoon (the wrongdoers).

Al-Rooh by Ibn al-Qayyim, 1/254.

May Allaah bless our Prophet Muhammad.
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来源 : 伊斯兰觉醒网