Umshado: Umthetho, Umoya & Incazelo

I-Qur'an ithi: Futhi ezibonakalisweni zaKhe ukuthi Wanidalela abafazi ngokwenu ukuze nithole ukuphumula kubo, futhi Wabeka phakathi kwenu uthando nothando. Kulokhu kukhona izibonakaliso kubantu abacabangisisayo. [30:21]

I-hadith eyodwa ithi: “Umshado uyisiqondiso sami; owenza okuphambene nesiqondiso sami akasiye owami. shada kanjalo, ukuze ngibe ningi kunezinye izizwe ngakini. Labo phakathi kwenu abanezinto kufanele bashade. Uma engakwazi, akazile ukudla, ngokuba ukuzila kuyisihlangu.”¹

I-Qur'an ithi: Futhi ezibonakalisweni zaKhe ukuthi Wanidalela abafazi ngokwenu ukuze nithole ukuphumula kubo, futhi Wabeka phakathi kwenu uthando nothando. Kulokhu kukhona izibonakaliso kubantu abacabangisisayo. [30:21]

Umshado, ukuphila okwabelwana ngakho kowesilisa nowesifazane, ituswa kusAmbulo njengehloniphekile. Kwakuyindlela yabaprofethi bakaNkulunkulu, ngaphandle okuphawulekayo kukaJesu, indodana kaMariya, ukuthula kube kuye. Sathumela iziThunywa ngaphambi kwakho, kusho iKur’an, wabamisela abafazi nabantwana. [13:38] Lapha, kule hadith engenhla, sibona uMprofethi, ukuthula kube kuye, ehlobisa ilungiselelo lomshado ngamazwi akhe.

Uma kubhekwa ubunzima nokubaluleka komshado, akumele kufakwe ngokuxhamazela noma ngokungaqondile. Kodwa kunalokho, ngenhlonipho, ngenhlonipho nangokuqonda nangokumethemba uNkulunkulu. Izimbangela zomshado kufanele zicatshangelwe ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale lesi sifiso sokuthandana.

Ezincwadini ezingokomthetho zamaSulumane kuthiwa yizimbangela zokuqokwa komshado:

Okokuqala, lokho imizwelo engokwemvelo yothando nokusondelana okutshalwe nguNkulunkulu anganikezwa inkulumo ebusisiwe.

Okwesibili, ukuze kwande abantu, labantwana bakhuliselwe esikhumbuzweni sikaNkulunkulu nasekumbongeni ngenhlonipho kuYe.

Okwesithathu, ukuze kuzuze umphakathi wonkana: ngoba umndeni uyisisekelo somphakathi onobulungiswa nonakekelayo; yindawo lapho uthando, umsebenzi, ukuzibophezela, ukwesekwa nokuzidela kutholwa kuqala futhi kufundwe.²

Ukusho ngolimi lwezazi ze-anthropologists, umsebenzi womshado uwukuqinisekisa: ukukhiqizwa komphakathi, ukuhlalisana kwezingane kanye nokudluliswa kwezimali zomphakathi.³

Ubuhlobo bobulili ngaphandle komshado (okunye) kubonakala ku-Islam njengenye yezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuhlukana komphakathi, okufanele kugwenywe ngazo zonke izindleko. Ukuphinga nobufebe, kokubili kufakwe ngaphansi kwe-zina, amelane ngqo nomshado. Empeleni, Umthetho wamaSulumane uhlose ukulwa ne-zina ngomshado, njengoba kungase kuzwakale kule hadith engenhla. Lokhu kuchaza isimo somthetho esibamba umshado ube yisibopho ngokuphelele endabeni yalabo abanezifiso zobulili ezingalawuleki noma cishe kanjalo.. Ukwehluleka ukushada, esimweni esinjalo, kuthiwa kuhlanganisa isono (ithim), ukujeziswa emva kokufa. Kulabo abanomfutho wocansi “omaphakathi” nabakwaziyo ukulawula inkanuko yabo, umshado ubanjwe ukuze utuswe. Labo abangenaso isifiso sokushada noma abangenaso isifiso sobulili - kungaba ngenxa yokuguga, Lokho kungukunqoba okukhulu., noma yisiphi esinye isizathu - ezinye izazi zomthetho zisathatha umshado onconywayo; abanye bathi ayithandwa (makruh), ikakhulukazi uma kubasusa kulokho okuzuzisa kakhulu mayelana nokuzuza ulwazi lwezenkolo noma ukugxila ekukhulekeleni.⁴

Ama-nuances atholakala ezinqumweni zezomthetho ngomshado akhombisa ukuzwela ukungezwani phakathi kwabantu mayelana nalokhu. Kodwa izinqumo ezahlukene ezihambisana nokwehluka kwemvelo yabantu zihloselwe ukukhonza oyedwa, inhloso enkulu: ukuvumelana komphakathi.⁵

1. Ibn Majah |, Igama, inombolo.1836. I-hadith yi-hasan, ngokusho kuka-al-Albani, Silsilat al-Ahadith al-Sahihah (I-Riyadh: Maktabah al-Ma'arif, 1991), inombolo.2383.

2. Cf. Ibn Qudamah, al-Mughni (I-Riyadh: Dar 'Alam al-Kutub, 2007), 9:343.

3. Scruton, Izimpikiswano ze-Conservatism (London: Ukuqhubeka, 2006), 95.

4. Bheka: al-Mughni, 9:341-44.

5. Xhumana: Kubhubhe, Shariah: Ithiyori, Prakthiza, Izinguquko (Cambridge: I-Cambridge University Press, 2009), 272.

Umshado Omsulwa

….Lapho Ukuzijwayeza Kwenza Kuphelele

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